Sunday, November 8, 2026

Seven Batches of UFO Files: The Most Fascinating Discoveries, Strange Encounters, and Unanswered Questions

Seven Batches of UFO Files: The Most Fascinating Discoveries, Strange Encounters, and Unanswered Questions

By JM Talboo
UnDebunkingUFOs.blogspot.com

The U.S. government's ongoing release of previously classified UFO and Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) records has given researchers, journalists, and independent investigators a substantial new collection of material to examine.

Since May 2026, seven batches of records have been published through the Department of War's PURSUE disclosure program. The collection now contains approximately 478 indexed records, including historical intelligence reports, military videos, NASA photographs, FBI interviews, audio recordings, and documents from several government agencies. The records span decades of UFO investigations, from the 1940s through 2026.

But what is actually interesting in all this material? Here are some of the highlights that deserve closer examination.

1. The 2023 encounter involving six federal agents and mysterious orbs

One of the more intriguing cases comes from October 2023, when six federal law enforcement agents reportedly encountered unusual aerial phenomena near a sensitive national security facility in the western United States.

The witnesses described large orange orbs apparently releasing smaller red orbs. The reports covered multiple observations over two days.

What's particularly interesting is that this wasn't simply an anonymous internet sighting. The release included individual witness narratives and an official AARO case-analysis memorandum.

The case remains unresolved. That doesn't establish an extraordinary explanation, but multiple firsthand accounts from federal personnel make this one worth examining carefully.

Original case document: DOW-UAP-D077.

2. The black triangular craft reports

Several FBI records released in the fifth batch concern witnesses describing enormous black triangular objects.

The FBI conducted formal interviews and included digital renderings based on witness descriptions. These reports cover multiple sightings between 2002 and 2023.

The seventh batch added another interesting case: a 2026 report involving a triangular object observed near a sensitive western U.S. facility. Federal personnel reportedly described it rising vertically, hovering, and then banking and descending toward a canyon.

AARO considered the case worthy of further investigation, although it did not reach a conclusive finding.

The recurring triangular configuration is particularly interesting when considered alongside decades of similar reports.

3. The Gulf of Oman: An AC-130 crew encounters mysterious orbs

One of the more unusual military reports concerns an AC-130J gunship operating over the Gulf of Oman.

According to the released intelligence material, the crew encountered approximately 25 objects described as cold orbs. The report describes objects moving away between the pulling of the trigger and the weapon's recoil.

This is an interesting case because it involves an operational military aircraft and a reported interaction with objects during an actual weapons engagement.

The obvious questions concern what the crew observed, what sensors recorded, how the objects were tracked, and whether conventional explanations were adequately investigated.

4. The Utah ranch investigation: Bigelow Aerospace and the strange encounters

The seventh release contains additional records connected to the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) and its contractor, Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies (BAASS).

Among the most unusual documents is an April 2010 investigation report concerning a Utah property.

Investigators reportedly interviewed residents, ranchers, law enforcement personnel, business owners, and members of nearby communities. The records describe accounts of strange lights, unusual creatures, and other unexplained events.

Some descriptions included dog-like bipedal creatures and little people.

The contractor also documented sensor measurements and proposed experiments involving biological sensors.

It is important to distinguish the recorded witness accounts from independently established findings. Nevertheless, the paperwork provides an interesting look into how seriously some government-funded contractors explored reports that went well beyond conventional flying saucer sightings.

5. The mysterious Tremonton film and the Navy's photographic analysis

The 1952 Tremonton, Utah, UFO film has been a subject of debate for decades.

The sixth release brought additional historical documentation from Project Blue Book, including a substantial file concerning the film and a recording of former Blue Book chief Captain Edward Ruppelt discussing the investigation.

The fifth release also included a 1953 Navy photographic interpretation study examining the Tremonton footage and the Great Falls film.

These historical records are important because they allow researchers to revisit the original investigative process rather than relying exclusively on later retellings.

What did investigators believe they were looking at? What assumptions did they make? And how much of the original evidence can still be independently evaluated?

6. Astronaut encounters, NASA recordings, and the STS-80 photographs

Several releases contain NASA material that deserves attention.

Among the records are astronaut communications and mission debriefings from the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo eras. One particularly interesting historical recording concerns astronaut Frank Borman during the Gemini 7 mission, when an unidentified object was discussed during communications.

The fourth batch also included three photographs from the 1996 Space Shuttle Columbia STS-80 mission showing an unidentified object in low Earth orbit.

Apollo 14 and Apollo 17 debriefing audio was also included.

None of these materials automatically establishes an extraterrestrial explanation. Spaceflight photography is particularly susceptible to confusing reflections, debris, ice particles, and other optical effects. Still, original mission recordings and photographs are far more useful to investigators than secondhand stories.

7. The 1950s international sightings

The seventh release also contains a collection of older Air Force intelligence reports from the 1950s.

Reports include observations from Sweden, Saudi Arabia, Guam, Italy, Germany, Morocco, Alaska, and other locations.

One report from January 1957 describes a B-52 crew over Saudi Arabia detecting an unidentified blip on a gunnery scope for approximately five to seven minutes.

These older records are valuable because they demonstrate that military personnel were documenting unusual aerial observations long before the modern UAP terminology became popular.

They also provide an opportunity to compare descriptions, investigative procedures, and military attitudes across different decades.

8. The AAWSAP research program: Wormholes, antigravity, and advanced propulsion

The sixth and seventh releases provide a closer look at AAWSAP, a Defense Intelligence Agency-funded initiative that explored advanced aerospace concepts.

The released research papers cover subjects including:

  • Warp drives and spacetime engineering.
  • Wormholes and negative mass.
  • Antigravity concepts.
  • Invisibility and optical cloaking.
  • Advanced propulsion systems.
  • Reported physiological effects associated with unusual aerospace encounters.

The program's existence is significant, but the distinction between researching a theoretical concept and demonstrating that the technology exists is essential.

The documents do not establish that the government successfully developed these technologies. They do, however, reveal the breadth of subjects that received government-funded research attention.

9. The question of recovered space materials

Another interesting historical thread involves government memoranda from the early 1960s concerning the recovery and handling of fragments from spacecraft and reentering space vehicles.

The records describe interagency discussions about responsibility for recovering American and Soviet space debris, including material that might land in foreign countries.

These documents are not proof of recovered extraterrestrial technology. But they offer an interesting historical look at how officials approached unidentified or potentially sensitive materials during the space race.

What does all of this actually tell us?

Perhaps the most important takeaway from the seven releases isn't any single UFO sighting. It's the sheer variety of records now available.

We have military observations, FBI interviews, NASA mission material, historical Air Force investigations, contractor reports, scientific research papers, and intelligence correspondence.

Some cases may eventually receive ordinary explanations. Others may remain unresolved because the original data is incomplete or insufficient.

But the availability of original records gives independent researchers an opportunity to examine the evidence, compare witness accounts, challenge official interpretations, and ask questions that might otherwise have remained buried in government archives.

There is also a distinction worth remembering: an official document establishes that a report or investigation existed. It does not automatically establish that every detail in the report was accurate.

That is precisely why independent analysis matters.

The UFO subject has suffered from two recurring problems: unquestioning belief and unquestioning dismissal. Neither approach is particularly useful when actual documents are available for examination.

We should be able to investigate unusual reports without automatically declaring them extraterrestrial, just as we should be able to question official explanations without automatically assuming that every case is a conspiracy.

The files are out. Now comes the more interesting part: figuring out what they actually tell us.


Further Reading and Independent Research

These are useful starting points for readers who want to go beyond the headlines:

  1. Official Department of War PURSUE Archive — Search and download the original government records: https://www.war.gov/UFO/

  2. The Pentagon UFO Files: A Complete Guide to the Seven Releases — A detailed breakdown of the individual batches and their contents: https://watchthestars.co.uk/uap-document-archive/us-pursue-releases/

  3. UFO/UAP Wiki: Key Disclosure Documents — A curated guide to some of the most significant documents: https://ufouap.wiki/disclosure-documents/key-disclosure-documents/

  4. Alien Watch: PURSUE Document Analysis — An independent effort to examine the released PDFs, including document-by-document analysis and historical context: https://alienwatch.buzz/dossier/pursue

  5. WARUFO: Data Analysis of the 478 Files — An attempt to systematically examine the released material, including shapes, sensors, reported speeds, and other characteristics: https://warufo.com/deep-dive

  6. CBS News: Pentagon's Sixth UFO File Release — Reporting on AAWSAP, the DIA research papers, and the advanced aerospace concepts: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ufo-files-uap-pentagon-6th-release/

  7. Now Declassified: Seventh Release Analysis — A closer look at the October 23 release, including the Utah ranch investigation and 2026 triangular-object report: https://www.nowdeclassified.com/guides/pursue-release-07

This is an ongoing subject. Additional releases, corrections, and independent examinations may change how some of these cases are understood.

Is Russell Brand Being Used to Deter Others From Speaking Against the Government Narrative?

Is Russell Brand Being Used to Deter Others From Speaking Against the Government Narrative?

Excerpt:

The UK is a now a Dictatorship

In order to shut off the popular “free speech zones,” Dame Dinenage, has callously bypassed the legal process and has effectively filled the role of not only the judge and jury, but also the executioner and sanctioned an unconvicted man despite lack of evidence of the accusations thrown at him.

This is not because the government gives a monkey’s about the alleged victims, the Brand investigation was to bring a red pilling “ring leader” down in their mission to violate our right of freedom of expression online, and to silence all dissenting voices.

They have shown that in their quest to do so, they are willing to stoop very low which will act as a deterrent to others who speak out against them. Make no mistake, this is not how a democracy looks. We are in a dictatorship, an era more befitting of a dystopian novel.

Full Article:

https://expose-news.com/2023/09/22/is-russell-brand-being-used-to-deter-others-from-speaking-against-the-government-narrative/

Go there and make a comment if you disagree. I'm sure there will spirited debate. 

Saturday, November 7, 2026

Michael Shermer Under the Microscope: The Critics, Researchers, Scientists, and Scholars Who Have Challenged the Skeptic-in-Chief

Michael Shermer Under the Microscope: The Critics, Researchers, Scientists, and Scholars Who Have Challenged the Skeptic-in-Chief

By JM Talboo
DebunkerBusters.blogspot.com

An ongoing catalog of challenges to Michael Shermer's arguments, interpretations, conclusions, and approach to skepticism

Michael Shermer is one of the best-known public skeptics in America. As the founder of the Skeptics Society and publisher of Skeptic magazine, he has built much of his public reputation around examining extraordinary claims, challenging pseudoscience, and separating evidence from speculation.

His subjects have included UFOs, paranormal phenomena, psychic abilities, religion, God, evolution, consciousness, near-death experiences, climate change, history, morality, and human psychology.

But what happens when the skeptic becomes the subject of skepticism?

There is another side to this story that deserves attention: the people who have challenged Shermer's arguments, questioned his interpretations of scientific research, disputed his conclusions, or accused him of applying skepticism inconsistently.

This isn't an argument that Shermer is always wrong. Nor does disagreeing with him automatically make someone right. Rather, it is an invitation to apply the same critical-thinking standards to Shermer that he applies to everyone else.

Below is a collection of some of the more interesting challenges, disputes, and counterarguments worth investigating.

1. Steve Weathers (SpookyOne): Challenging Michael Shermer's 9/11 arguments

Subject areas: September 11, WTC collapses, forensic evidence, thermite claims, demolition evidence, and the treatment of 9/11 researchers.

An interesting entry from the 911 Debunkers archives comes from February 4, 2010.

The article, titled "911 Truth: Michael Shermer's Amateur Disinformation Attempt Fails (again!)," was written by Steve Weathers, known online as SpookyOne.

Steve is a contributor to 911 Debunkers and a good friend of mine. His work is part of the history of this blog's ongoing examination of 9/11 claims, counterclaims, and the people who attempt to debunk them.

In this particular article, Steve challenged Shermer's response to 9/11 researchers and examined a number of arguments concerning the destruction of the World Trade Center buildings.

Among the subjects addressed were:

  • The interpretation of the World Trade Center collapses.
  • Claims concerning molten metal and thermite.
  • Alleged explosive ejections during the collapses.
  • Eyewitness reports of explosions.
  • The collapse of World Trade Center 7.
  • The significance of Larry Silverstein's "pull it" comment.
  • The removal and preservation of World Trade Center steel.
  • Shermer's reliance on demolition-industry commentary.

The rebuttal also challenged the way Shermer characterized the people questioning the official account, arguing that he was dismissing substantive questions rather than adequately addressing them.

This is another example of the long-running debate over Shermer's treatment of 9/11 research and the counterarguments that have been published in response.

Original article:

911 Truth: Michael Shermer's Amateur Disinformation Attempt Fails (again!) — Steve Weathers (SpookyOne), February 4, 2010

Another contribution: Michael Shermer the Pseudo Skeptical Propagandist (October 15, 2013)

Steve Weathers returned to the subject of Michael Shermer in another article published on 911 Debunkers, titled Michael Shermer the Pseudo Skeptical Propagandist.

This time, Steve brought together criticisms from two researchers: Jim Hoffman, a prominent 9/11 researcher, and Professor Anthony Hall.

The article examines several recurring criticisms of Shermer's approach to 9/11:

  • Jim Hoffman and the scientific method: Hoffman challenged Shermer's use of sweeping generalizations when dismissing 9/11 research and argued that Shermer failed to engage with the cumulative evidence presented by researchers.
  • Misrepresentation of opposing arguments: The article examines Hoffman's criticism that Shermer reduced complex arguments to simplified versions that were easier to dismiss.
  • Professor Anthony Hall and guilt by association: Hall criticized Shermer's tendency to group together very different researchers and controversial subjects under the broad label of conspiracy theory.
  • The use of ridicule and psychological associations: Hall questioned whether Shermer's presentations encouraged audiences to dismiss researchers through association and ridicule rather than examining their specific evidence.
  • The broader question of scientific skepticism: Both criticisms raise the question of whether Shermer consistently applies the scientific standards he advocates.

Steve's article also revisits Shermer's arguments concerning the World Trade Center collapses, molten metal, and the treatment of 9/11 researchers.

This is a particularly worthwhile addition because it documents not just Steve's own criticism, but also his effort to bring the work of other critics into the discussion.

Original article:

Michael Shermer the Pseudo Skeptical Propagandist — Steve Weathers (SpookyOne), October 15, 2013

2. Rupert Sheldrake: Is Shermer practicing skepticism or defending materialism?

Subject areas: Morphic resonance, telepathy, consciousness, the sense of being stared at, and the philosophy of science.

One of the most direct and extensive challenges to Shermer comes from biologist and author Rupert Sheldrake.

Sheldrake has repeatedly challenged Shermer's treatment of his research, particularly regarding morphic resonance and experiments investigating whether people can detect when somebody is staring at them.

In a response titled Do Skeptics Play Fair?, Sheldrake argued that Shermer had mischaracterized his hypothesis, including attributing a concept of a universal life force to him that Sheldrake says he never proposed.

Sheldrake also disputed Shermer's presentation of the experimental evidence concerning the sense of being stared at, arguing that Shermer left out relevant published research and independent analyses.

This is particularly interesting because the disagreement isn't simply about whether paranormal phenomena exist. It concerns the standards by which evidence is evaluated and whether a skeptic can dismiss a hypothesis without adequately engaging with the research behind it.

Further reading:

  • Rupert Sheldrake: Do Skeptics Play Fair?
  • Sheldrake: Countering the Reactions of Skeptics
  • Michael Shermer's Attacks, Updated
  • The debate continues

Sheldrake and Shermer have also participated in discussions covering the nature of science, psi phenomena, and the existence of God.

Their exchanges are collected in Arguing Science.

That's worth examining in its own right: two people who disagree about the boundaries of scientific inquiry actually putting their arguments on the table.

3. Pim van Lommel: The near-death experience controversy

Subject areas: Near-death experiences, consciousness, brain activity, and the mind-brain relationship.

Dutch cardiologist Pim van Lommel became well known for research into near-death experiences, including a landmark study published in The Lancet in 2001.

Shermer discussed the research in connection with the question of whether consciousness can exist independently of the brain.

However, critics disputed his interpretation of the study.

Science communicator Jay Ingram criticized Shermer's presentation, arguing that he had used the study to support a conclusion contrary to the researchers' own interpretation.

Van Lommel subsequently wrote to Scientific American to challenge Shermer's characterization.

There is an important distinction here: the study does not establish that consciousness survives death, nor does it prove that the brain is irrelevant to consciousness. But the disagreement over what the research actually says is precisely the kind of issue that deserves closer examination.

Further reading:

  • Skeptical About Skeptics: Michael Shermer
  • Pim van Lommel research and near-death experiences

4. Dean Radin: Can psi research be dismissed so easily?

Subject areas: Telepathy, parapsychology, experimental research, statistics, and consciousness.

Dean Radin is a researcher associated with the Institute of Noetic Sciences and a prominent figure in experimental parapsychology.

Radin has challenged conventional skeptical dismissals of psi research, including the question of whether statistical results across multiple experiments deserve consideration.

He is particularly relevant to Shermer's disputes with Sheldrake.

Sheldrake has cited Radin's meta-analysis of research into the sense of being stared at as evidence that the subject deserves more serious consideration than Shermer's criticism suggests.

Radin has also publicly defended Sheldrake's work against dismissals that he considers insufficiently informed.

The larger question is whether a collection of statistically significant experimental results should be dismissed because the proposed phenomenon conflicts with prevailing scientific expectations.

That doesn't mean the existence of telepathy has been established. It means the experimental evidence, statistical methods, replication record, and competing explanations should be examined rather than settled through labels.

Further reading:

  • Society for Psychical Research: Michael Shermer
  • Rupert Sheldrake: Do Skeptics Play Fair?

5. Freeman Dyson: When a respected physicist disagrees with the skeptic

Subject areas: Scientific evidence, telepathy, anecdotal evidence, and the limits of scientific certainty.

The late physicist Freeman Dyson is another important name in this discussion.

Shermer criticized Dyson for being open to the possibility that paranormal phenomena might exist, arguing that anecdotal experiences and personal accounts are not substitutes for controlled experiments.

Dyson, however, had expressed interest in the substantial body of reported experiences and research surrounding psi phenomena.

The disagreement raises a broader question: How should scientists approach evidence that doesn't fit comfortably within existing explanatory frameworks?

Dyson's interest was not proof of paranormal phenomena. But his willingness to consider the possibility is worth distinguishing from an uncritical acceptance of extraordinary claims.

Further reading:

  • Michael Shermer: Skeptical About Skeptics

6. Dallas Willard: Science, religion, and the limits of materialism

Subject areas: Philosophy, religion, consciousness, free will, and the relationship between science and spirituality.

Dallas Willard was a philosopher and professor who engaged with Shermer on questions involving science and religion.

A 2004 Veritas Forum discussion at UCLA brought Shermer into a conversation about free will and the application of science to spiritual questions.

Willard represented a philosophical perspective that challenged the assumption that scientific explanations necessarily settle every question about reality.

This is an important distinction. Science can investigate observable phenomena, but philosophical questions about knowledge, meaning, consciousness, and the nature of existence don't automatically disappear simply because somebody adopts a materialist worldview.

Further reading:

  • UCLA: Forum Debates Connection Between Science and Religion

7. Ian Hutchinson: Does science refute the existence of God?

Subject areas: Physics, theology, scientific naturalism, and arguments for God's existence.

Ian Hutchinson is an MIT professor of nuclear science and engineering who has publicly challenged arguments that science disproves God.

In an Intelligence Squared debate, Hutchinson argued against the proposition that science refutes the existence of God.

His opponents included Michael Shermer and physicist Lawrence Krauss.

This is an interesting entry because it places Shermer's arguments against religion in direct confrontation with someone who has a professional background in science.

The important question isn't whether Hutchinson's position automatically wins because he is a scientist. It's whether Shermer's arguments adequately address the philosophical and scientific arguments presented by his opponents.

Further reading:

  • Does Science Refute the Existence of God? — Intelligence Squared debate

8. Dinesh D'Souza: A public debate over science and God

Subject areas: Religion, atheism, philosophy, and the relationship between scientific knowledge and belief.

Dinesh D'Souza participated in the same Intelligence Squared debate, arguing against the proposition that science refutes God.

D'Souza is a controversial political commentator and author, so his arguments should be evaluated independently of his political positions.

Nevertheless, his participation provides another opportunity to examine Shermer's arguments in a formal debate setting.

It also illustrates why a catalog of Shermer's opponents should not be restricted to scientists or paranormal researchers. Philosophers, theologians, historians, and public intellectuals have all challenged different aspects of his worldview.

9. Robert Todd Carroll and the wider skeptical movement: Skeptics disagree with skeptics, too

Subject areas: Skeptical methodology, parapsychology, scientific reasoning, and competing interpretations of evidence.

Not every interesting disagreement involving Shermer comes from somebody defending paranormal or religious claims.

The skeptical movement itself contains disagreements about methodology, evidence, and how extraordinary claims should be evaluated.

Robert Todd Carroll was the creator of The Skeptic's Dictionary and a prominent figure in organized skepticism.

Sheldrake specifically challenged Carroll's criticisms of morphic resonance and his treatment of research involving the parrot N'kisi.

This is worth including because it demonstrates that the disagreements surrounding Shermer's subjects extend beyond a simple skeptic-versus-believer divide.

Sometimes the dispute is between two people who both identify with skepticism but disagree about the interpretation of the evidence.

Further reading:

  • Sheldrake: Countering the Reactions of Skeptics

10. Other areas worth investigating

There are additional areas where Shermer's arguments deserve examination, even when the criticism isn't necessarily a direct rebuttal from a named opponent.

Here are several research directions for expanding this catalog.

SubjectPeople or material worth investigating
Near-death experiencesPim van Lommel, Bruce Greyson, Sam Parnia
Psi researchDean Radin, Rupert Sheldrake
ConsciousnessDavid Chalmers, Bernardo Kastrup
Religion and philosophyDallas Willard, Ian Hutchinson
Scientific skepticismRobert Todd Carroll, Rupert Sheldrake
Climate changeShermer's earlier climate skepticism and subsequent change of position
History and moralityAcademic reviews and critiques of The Moral Arc
Evolution and intelligent designFormal debates and responses to Shermer's arguments

These are research leads, not a claim that every person listed has directly debunked Shermer. Some have challenged the broader positions he defends, and those distinctions matter.

For example, Shermer himself publicly changed his position on human-caused climate change in 2006 after concluding that the evidence had become persuasive. That's an interesting example of a skeptic revising a position in response to new information.

And that's exactly the kind of intellectual honesty that should be encouraged.

11. Can Shermer's own standards be applied to Shermer?

One of the most useful ways to approach this subject is to compare Shermer's stated philosophy of skepticism with the criticisms directed at his work.

Shermer has argued that skeptics should be willing to change their minds when presented with new evidence.

He has also emphasized the importance of avoiding confirmation bias, examining competing explanations, and distinguishing genuine evidence from unsupported speculation.

Those are reasonable standards.

But they raise some equally reasonable questions:

  • Has Shermer accurately represented the research he criticizes?
  • Does he adequately investigate subjects before publicly dismissing them?
  • Does he distinguish between a lack of an accepted explanation and evidence that something cannot happen?
  • Does he give competing interpretations a fair hearing?
  • Does he apply the same skepticism to materialist assumptions that he applies to religious and paranormal claims?
  • When somebody challenges his conclusions with published research, does he address the substance of the criticism?

These questions aren't accusations of dishonesty. They're questions that should be asked of any influential public intellectual.

12. Resources for continuing the investigation

Here are some useful starting points for readers who want to dig deeper.

  • Psi Encyclopedia: Michael Shermer — An overview of Shermer's views, controversies, and criticisms from the perspective of psychical research.
  • Michael Shermer: Skeptical About Skeptics — A collection of critical examinations of Shermer's work.
  • Rupert Sheldrake: Countering the Reactions of Skeptics — Sheldrake's responses to criticism, including disputes involving Shermer.
  • Do Skeptics Play Fair? — Sheldrake's direct response to Shermer.
  • Michael Shermer's website — Shermer's own website, including articles and responses to criticism.

A note about the sources: Some of these are written by Shermer's critics, rather than independent assessments. Their allegations should be checked against the original research, publications, and responses from Shermer himself.

13. Jeffrey Armstrong: Challenging Michael Shermer on astrology—on his own show

Subject areas: Astrology, Vedic astrology, double-blind testing, experimental methodology, and confirmation bias.

An especially interesting entry comes from astrologer Jeffrey Armstrong, who participated in a filmed exchange with Michael Shermer in which Shermer challenged him to demonstrate the accuracy of astrological readings.

The video, titled Michael Shermer Debunked by Astrologer Jeffrey Armstrong on His Own Show!, presents a direct challenge to Shermer's skepticism about astrology.

The experiment reportedly involved nine participants. Armstrong was given their birth information and recorded short readings without seeing or speaking to the participants. Shermer subsequently evaluated the readings against their responses.

A later examination by Kenneth McRitchie discusses the experiment and reports that participants agreed with 105 of Armstrong's 137 statements, approximately 77 percent. McRitchie also raises questions about the handling of two readings that were allegedly switched, and what happened when the participants heard the corrected readings.

This raises some interesting questions:

  • How were the readings evaluated?
  • How much of the reported accuracy could be attributed to general statements or chance?
  • What effect did the alleged switching of readings have on the results?
  • Did Shermer adequately address the reported outcome?

This isn't proof that astrology is scientifically established. But it is an interesting historical challenge to Shermer's position, particularly because the experiment was conducted in the context of his own skeptical investigation.

Further reading and viewing:

14. Del Bigtree and Michael Shermer: The Unexpected Vaccine Debate

Subject areas: Vaccine safety, childhood vaccination, scientific skepticism, autism, clinical trials, and the interpretation of medical evidence.

Another interesting confrontation involving Michael Shermer took place on The HighWire in October 2023.

In an episode titled Michael Shermer: The Unexpected Vaccine Debate, Shermer appeared in a discussion with Del Bigtree, host of The HighWire and a prominent critic of established vaccine policies.

The episode description explains that Shermer attempted to challenge claims made by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., but the conversation took an unexpected turn when he encountered Bigtree's familiarity with the vaccine debate.

Among the issues raised in the discussion were childhood vaccine testing, placebo-controlled studies, vaccine safety, autism, and the evidence used to support claims about vaccination.

This is an interesting addition because it takes the examination of Shermer into medical science and public-health controversies. It also raises a question central to this article: Does someone who makes a career of challenging questionable claims apply the same level of scrutiny when defending established scientific and medical positions?

The debate should be examined in its entirety, including the claims made by both participants. The fact that Shermer was challenged does not automatically establish that Bigtree's arguments were correct. But the exchange provides readers with another opportunity to evaluate Shermer's reasoning in a direct discussion rather than relying on secondhand characterizations.

Original video:

Michael Shermer: The Unexpected Vaccine Debate — The HighWire, October 16, 2023

15. Jesse Michaels and Jason Jorjani: Challenging Shermer's Dismissal of an Unusual UFO-Related Case

Subject areas: UFOs, intelligence agencies, unexplained disappearances, and skeptical interpretations of unusual cases.

Another interesting reference to Michael Shermer appears in the November 7, 2026, interview There's A Cosmic War Going On Above Your Head (Jason Jorjani Part 3), published on Undebunking UFOs.

During the conversation, host Jesse Michaels brings up his recent interview with Shermer and their disagreement over the disappearance of retired Air Force Major General Neil McCasland. Michaels recounts Shermer's position as essentially dismissing the circumstances as nothing particularly unusual. Michaels pushes back, arguing that McCasland's background and his role overseeing thousands of Special Access Programs made the case worthy of much closer scrutiny.

Michaels also questions Shermer's suggestion that the matter was simply for local authorities to investigate, arguing that the FBI and intelligence agencies should be involved. He even acknowledges that he may have been too accommodating during his own interview with Shermer, saying he was probably too nice.

This is not an extensive examination of Shermer's arguments, nor does it establish that any particular explanation for McCasland's disappearance is correct. But it does provide another example of someone questioning how readily Shermer dismisses an unusual case—this time in a discussion that touches directly on UFOs, intelligence agencies, and the possibility of information being withheld from the public.

Source:

There's A Cosmic War Going On Above Your Head (Jason Jorjani Part 3) — Undebunking UFOs, November 7, 2026

Final thoughts: Nobody gets a free pass from skepticism

Michael Shermer has spent much of his career questioning claims made by other people. He's challenged paranormal investigators, religious believers, UFO researchers, alternative medicine advocates, and proponents of numerous unconventional theories.

That's his prerogative.

But skepticism isn't supposed to be a protected position occupied by a select group of people who get to decide which ideas deserve consideration.

If a paranormal researcher misrepresents a scientific study, that deserves criticism. If a skeptic misrepresents a scientific study, that deserves criticism too.

If somebody makes an extraordinary claim without adequate evidence, challenge it. If somebody dismisses an extraordinary claim without adequately examining the evidence, challenge that as well.

The objective shouldn't be to replace one unquestionable authority with another. It should be to question everybody, including the people who make a living questioning everybody else.

And that includes Michael Shermer.

This article is intended as a starting point for further investigation. The inclusion of an individual or controversy does not imply that Shermer has been conclusively debunked on that subject. Readers are encouraged to examine the original arguments, evidence, and counterarguments.

This is an ongoing investigation. More critics, debates, rebuttals, and documented disagreements can be added as they come to light.

World Trade Center 7: NIST vs. UAF, the Free-Fall Evidence, and the Questions That Still Deserve Answers

World Trade Center 7: NIST vs. UAF, the Free-Fall Evidence, and the Questions That Still Deserve Answers

When a 47-story building collapses on September 11, 2001, without being struck by an airplane, the explanation deserves serious scrutiny. And when independent researchers challenge the official explanation with their own structural analysis, their work deserves the same scrutiny. The question isn't which side has the official stamp of approval. The question is which explanation best accounts for the evidence.

The third building

Most people know about the collapse of the World Trade Center's Twin Towers on September 11, 2001. Far fewer know much about World Trade Center Building 7, a 47-story steel-framed office building that collapsed at approximately 5:20 p.m. that afternoon.

Unlike the Twin Towers, WTC 7 was not struck by an aircraft. It sustained damage from debris when the North Tower collapsed, and fires burned in the building for hours. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ultimately concluded that fires caused the building's collapse through a progressive sequence of structural failures.

That is the official explanation. But it is not the only technical explanation that has been published, and it has not gone unchallenged.

The University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) conducted an independent structural reevaluation under civil engineering professor J. Leroy Hulsey, with researchers Feng Xiao and Zhili Quan. Its final report, released in March 2020, reached a conclusion directly at odds with NIST's: fire did not cause WTC 7's collapse.

That disagreement deserves more than a quick dismissal.

What NIST says happened

NIST's final WTC 7 report, released in November 2008, proposed that fires heated floor beams and girders, causing thermal expansion and the failure of a critical support column, Column 79. According to NIST, that initial failure triggered a progressive collapse that spread through the building.

The theory is complex. It involves the behavior of floor framing, connections, girders, columns, and the way heat affected the building's structural system.

NIST's investigation was extensive. It included structural analysis, computer modeling, interviews, photographs, video, and information from building and emergency personnel. Its conclusions should be examined on their merits rather than dismissed simply because they came from a government agency.

But the same standard must apply in the other direction. NIST's status as the official investigative body does not make its conclusions immune from criticism.

The central question is whether its model adequately represented the building, its structural details, the actual conditions on September 11, and the collapse behavior recorded on video.

The free-fall issue: an important acknowledgment

One of the most important controversies concerns the speed at which WTC 7 descended.

In its initial public presentation in August 2008, NIST described the visible descent of the north face over approximately 18 stories as taking about 5.4 seconds. It compared this with an estimated 3.9 seconds for uninterrupted free fall, arguing that the overall descent took approximately 40 percent longer than free fall.

David Chandler challenged that analysis using video measurements.

NIST's final report subsequently described three stages of descent:

  • Stage 1: Approximately 1.75 seconds of acceleration below the rate of gravity.
  • Stage 2: Approximately 2.25 seconds of free-fall acceleration.
  • Stage 3: A period of deceleration as the descending structure encountered resistance below.

In other words, NIST acknowledged that the north face experienced approximately 2.25 seconds of free fall.

That is a significant admission. It means that during this interval, the structure below the descending portion was providing negligible resistance.

NIST maintained that this was consistent with its explanation: the exterior columns had buckled and lost their ability to support the upper structure. Chandler, however, continued to challenge the explanation for how the building transitioned into free fall, arguing that the observed transition was much more abrupt than NIST's progressive-collapse account would lead one to expect.

This distinction matters. Acknowledging free fall does not automatically establish why it happened. But neither should the free-fall interval be brushed aside as though it were insignificant.

The question is not whether gravity was involved. Obviously it was. The question is what happened to the building's structural support, and whether the proposed sequence adequately explains the observed motion.

For readers interested in the later analysis, David Chandler, Ted Walter, and Tony Szamboti published a 2023 paper revisiting the free-fall measurements and challenging NIST's explanation of the collapse sequence.

The University of Alaska Fairbanks study

The UAF study examined WTC 7 using structural modeling and several different approaches. Its researchers investigated the response of the building to fire loading, examined NIST's proposed collapse-initiation hypothesis, and modeled alternative structural failure scenarios.

The principal conclusion was direct: fire did not cause the collapse of WTC 7.

The researchers' secondary conclusion was equally consequential. They described the collapse as a global failure involving the near-simultaneous failure of every column in the building.

Let's be clear about what they meant.

The report describes a modeled scenario in which all core columns fail simultaneously over eight stories, followed 1.3 seconds later by the simultaneous failure of all exterior columns over eight stories. The researchers stated that this scenario produced almost exactly the behavior observed in collapse videos.

They also stated that, among the scenarios they simulated, this was the only one they identified that reproduced the observed behavior. They acknowledged that they could not completely rule out every possible alternative scenario.

The language is careful, as technical research language should be. But the implications are not difficult to understand.

The researchers were not describing a conventional sequence in which one local failure gradually spreads from column to column throughout the building. They were describing a rapid, coordinated structural failure across the building.

That is a profound difference from NIST's explanation.

The UAF report does not, by itself, establish what physical mechanism caused such a failure. It does not prove explosives were used. Those are separate questions requiring separate evidence. But its findings raise a serious question: if the observed collapse behavior is best reproduced by near-simultaneous failure of the columns, how should that result be reconciled with the official progressive-collapse explanation?

That question deserves a substantive answer, not a label.

The UAF project was funded by Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth, with a reported project budget of $316,153. That funding relationship should be disclosed. It is relevant when evaluating any research, just as the institutional setting and funding of other investigations are relevant.

But funding does not automatically invalidate a study. The proper questions concern its assumptions, methods, structural inputs, validation, limitations, and whether independent researchers can reproduce or challenge its results.

The final report and project materials are publicly available:

University of Alaska Fairbanks — A Structural Reevaluation of the Collapse of World Trade Center 7

Comparing the two explanations

There is an important difference between the kinds of claims being made.

NIST presents a fire-induced progressive-collapse scenario beginning with the failure of Column 79. UAF says it could not identify a progressive sequence of failures that would produce the observed total collapse in the scenarios it examined. Its modeled near-simultaneous failure scenario did reproduce the observed behavior.

Neither conclusion should be accepted merely because a researcher or institution says so.

A serious comparison needs to consider several issues:

1. Structural details and modeling assumptions

What structural components were included? Were the connections, stiffeners, plates, shear studs, and other relevant details represented accurately? How sensitive are the results to different assumptions?

2. The actual fire conditions

Were the fires sufficiently severe, and did they occur in the locations and for the duration required by the proposed failure sequence? How well do the models correspond to the available photographs, videos, eyewitness accounts, and building records?

3. The collapse sequence

Can the proposed mechanism explain the observed movement of the building, including the descent of the roofline, the penthouse behavior, and the free-fall interval?

4. Reproducibility and transparency

Can independent engineers examine the inputs, assumptions, calculations, and model results? Can they test competing scenarios and see whether the results hold up?

These are not unreasonable demands. They are basic questions for evaluating a complex engineering investigation.

NIST's modeling transparency problem

One issue that deserves particular attention is NIST's decision to withhold certain input and results files for its WTC 7 collapse models.

NIST says it withheld these files under the National Construction Safety Team Act because the detailed connection models could potentially be used to predict the collapse of similar buildings and help someone plan their destruction. A federal court upheld the decision.

That explanation should be accurately represented. It is not simply a case of NIST refusing to release information without offering a reason.

Nevertheless, there is a real scientific trade-off here. When a technical investigation relies on complex computer modeling, access to the model's underlying information can be important for independent verification. The public is being asked to trust a conclusion while certain detailed model files remain unavailable.

NIST's explanation may address its legal and public-safety rationale, but it does not make the scientific question of independent reproducibility disappear.

There are also specific modeling choices worth examining. For example, NIST acknowledges that its 16-story structural model did not include shear studs on the girders. It explains that the structural and erection drawings it relied upon did not show them on typical floors, while a modified Floor 10 drawing showed them in certain areas. NIST also says it performed a separate partial-floor analysis that explicitly modeled shear studs.

That is more nuanced than simply saying NIST ignored shear studs everywhere. But it remains a legitimate area for technical examination, particularly when competing researchers believe the omitted or differently represented structural details could affect the outcome.

NIST's own explanations should be read alongside the criticisms rather than replaced by them.

The debate over Hulsey's work

The UAF study did not emerge in a vacuum. It became the subject of public debate, including criticism from science writer and debunker Mick West.

West compared animations of NIST's model, the actual collapse, and Hulsey's simulations. He argued that NIST's model more accurately reproduced certain early collapse behavior, particularly the east penthouse, and questioned aspects of Hulsey's simulations.

Those are legitimate issues to examine. A model should be judged on how well it reproduces the observed event, not simply on whether its final conclusion agrees with one's preferred theory.

But the comparison also raises questions about what exactly is being compared. A model designed to investigate a particular failure scenario is not necessarily intended to reproduce every visible detail of the entire collapse. Conversely, a model that reproduces one part of the event more convincingly does not automatically establish that its proposed cause is correct.

I addressed this debate in my own 2019 response:

Debunking Mick West on Hulsey WTC 7 Report — NIST vs. Reality vs. Hulsey

I also assembled a broader comparison of the competing reports and the technical criticisms:

Are There More Problems with the UAF/Hulsey/AE911Truth WTC7 Draft Report or the NIST WTC 7 Report? You Decide...

The point is not that every criticism of Mick West is necessarily correct, or that every part of Hulsey's work is beyond criticism. The point is that the competing claims need to be examined in detail.

Independent engineering research deserves consideration

The UAF project is not the only work questioning the official explanation.

Robert Korol, Paul Heerema, and Ken Sivakumaran published a 2016 paper titled The Collapse of WTC 7: A Re-examination of the "Simple Analysis" Approach in the Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics. The paper examined the official rationale and used basic engineering principles, including Newton's laws and energy considerations, to question whether the proposed collapse could be explained as described.

Another paper by Korol, Frank Greening, and Paul Heerema, Performance-Based Fire Protection of Office Buildings: A Case Study Based on the Collapse of WTC 7, appeared in the same journal in 2015.

These papers do not settle the debate. They do, however, demonstrate that technical criticism of the official explanation is not limited to internet commentary or people without engineering backgrounds.

The journal identifies its articles as double-blind peer reviewed. Peer review is not a guarantee that a paper is correct, but it is relevant information when evaluating whether research has undergone independent academic scrutiny.

My compilation of research and publication information is available here:

Peer-Reviewed 9/11 Truth

That collection covers a much wider range of 9/11 research, but it includes work relevant to WTC 7 and the broader debate over the engineering explanations.

It is also important to distinguish different kinds of publication. A peer-reviewed journal article, a conference paper, a technical report, a public presentation, and an advocacy organization's research project do not all go through the same process. They should not be casually treated as equivalent.

At the same time, the absence of conventional journal peer review does not automatically make an official investigative report correct. NIST's investigation was a government technical investigation, not a conventional journal article submitted for anonymous peer review. Its methods and conclusions should be evaluated directly.

What about former NIST personnel and other critics?

Another part of this debate concerns criticism from people who have worked in or around the government and engineering institutions involved in 9/11 investigations.

There have been public calls for independent review, criticisms from former government personnel, and disputes involving researchers and contractors with relevant technical experience.

Those claims should be assessed individually. A former employee's title does not automatically validate every conclusion they reach, just as an official employee's title does not automatically settle a scientific dispute.

But criticism from people familiar with the technical process should not be dismissed simply because it is inconvenient.

The same standard applies to everyone: What did they actually work on? What evidence do they provide? Are their claims firsthand? Can their technical arguments be checked?

That is how a serious investigation should proceed.

What does all of this establish — and what doesn't it?

There is a temptation in this debate to jump directly from an unusual collapse to a definitive explanation for how it was caused.

That is not necessary.

We can establish several important points without claiming more than the evidence supports:

  • WTC 7 was not struck by an airplane.
  • NIST concluded that fires initiated a progressive collapse.
  • NIST acknowledged a period of approximately 2.25 seconds of free-fall acceleration during the visible descent.
  • David Chandler and other researchers challenged NIST's interpretation of the transition into free fall.
  • The UAF team concluded that fire did not cause the collapse.
  • UAF's modeled near-simultaneous column-failure scenario reproduced the observed collapse behavior in a way its other simulated scenarios did not.
  • There are published engineering papers that challenge aspects of the official explanation.
  • NIST withheld certain detailed model files, citing public-safety concerns.
  • The competing explanations involve assumptions and modeling choices that deserve independent technical examination.

None of these points, by itself, proves controlled demolition. But neither does the existence of an official explanation mean the questions have been answered to everyone's satisfaction.

If a researcher proposes that a building's columns failed in a near-simultaneous sequence, the obvious next question is what could have caused that sequence. That question should be investigated rather than avoided.

There is a difference between saying a study has established a particular structural failure pattern and saying it has identified the physical mechanism responsible. Keeping those questions separate makes the discussion stronger, not weaker.

The bottom line: examine the evidence, not the labels

For years, the WTC 7 debate has often been reduced to a contest of labels: official investigators versus conspiracy theorists, professional engineers versus activists, science versus pseudoscience.

Those labels do not answer the engineering questions.

NIST's report deserves examination. Hulsey's report deserves examination. Chandler's video analysis deserves examination. The independent engineering papers deserve examination. Criticisms from Mick West and others deserve examination too.

And when a study challenges the accepted explanation, the response should be to engage with its methods and findings, not simply to point out who funded it or who supports it.

I have spent years examining 9/11 research, including the official investigations and the criticisms of those investigations. I don't believe people should be expected to accept a conclusion simply because it appears in an official report. Nor should they accept an alternative conclusion simply because it challenges the government.

The standard should be the evidence.

WTC 7 remains an important case study in how we investigate major events, how we handle conflicting scientific conclusions, and how much transparency the public should expect when government agencies present technical explanations for extraordinary events.

The question is not whether we are allowed to question the official explanation. The question is why we wouldn't.


Further reading and primary sources

Friday, November 6, 2026

Beyond the Extraterrestrial: Future Humans, Sphere Beings, and the Possibility of a Larger Intelligence

Beyond the Extraterrestrial: Future Humans, Sphere Beings, and the Possibility of a Larger Intelligence

By JM Talboo --- DebunkerBusters.blogspot.com

Are some UFO occupants visitors from other planets, travelers from our future, indigenous intelligences sharing our world, or something even harder to categorize? A growing collection of theories suggests that the answer may not fit neatly into any one box.

First, a distinction about spirits and the afterlife

Before exploring these possibilities, let's make one thing clear: questioning whether UFOs, ghosts, cryptids, fairies, or other anomalous phenomena might be connected does not disprove life after death.

It does not disprove spirits, intelligent hauntings, or the possibility that human consciousness survives physical death. Those questions deserve their own investigation. A nonphysical intelligence is not automatically a deceased human being, and an unexplained encounter should not be assigned to one category simply because it seems unusual.

The purpose here is not to replace one belief system with another. It is to consider possibilities, compare ideas, and ask whether phenomena traditionally studied separately might sometimes overlap.

In the companion article, One Intelligence, Many Masks, we explored the possibility that some UFO encounters, ghostly experiences, orbs, cryptid sightings, and fairy traditions might represent different expressions of a larger phenomenon. This article takes that question further.

What if some of the beings described as extraterrestrials aren't necessarily from another planet? What if some are future descendants of humanity? What if others are indigenous to Earth, or exist in ways that challenge our conventional understanding of physical life?

And what if more than one of these explanations is correct?

The conversation didn't begin with mainstream disclosure

One thing worth remembering about the modern UFO conversation is that the subject didn't suddenly appear when government officials, military witnesses, or major podcasters began discussing it.

Researchers, investigators, witnesses, and independent publishers had been examining alleged abductions, physical evidence, military encounters, unusual aerial objects, and competing explanations for decades.

In 2015, I published Debunking Joe Rogan on Alien Abduction, challenging Rogan's dismissal of researchers and cases he had not adequately addressed. In 2016, my Debunking UFO Debunkers archive collected material involving researchers such as Whitley Strieber, Derrel Sims, and David Jacobs, along with numerous UFO incidents and physical-trace cases.

Those archives are useful today not because every argument in them must be accepted, but because they document what was already being discussed before the subject became more culturally acceptable.

In October 2024, I published another article, The Four Main Theories of Gray Aliens: A Synthesis of Possibilities. The point was to consider competing explanations rather than assume that one theory necessarily explained every reported encounter.

The mainstream conversation has expanded considerably since those earlier investigations. But mainstream attention is not the same as the beginning of a phenomenon, and a newly publicized claim isn't automatically a newly discovered fact.

Sometimes the information was already out there. What changed was who was willing to talk about it.

David Grusch: Bodies, biological evidence, and unanswered questions

The claims of former intelligence officer David Grusch have become an important part of the modern disclosure conversation.

In a September 2026 appearance on The Joe Rogan Experience, episode 2560, Grusch described having viewed footage of what he understood to be three or four deceased beings associated with a crash-retrieval event.

His description was unusual. He recalled human-looking figures, pale or bluish-white in appearance, with long grayish hair. He said the camera moved across the scene but did not provide the kind of close-up examination that would allow him to identify the beings.

There is an important distinction here: Grusch said he saw footage. He did not say he personally examined the bodies.

He also discussed information about biological samples and genetic comparisons. According to his account, someone had compared genetic material because the beings looked so human. But he did not know what reference samples were used, what the results showed, or whether the analysis had produced a meaningful conclusion.

That leaves some very large unanswered questions.

What were the beings? Were they human, modified humans, something biologically related to us, or something entirely different? Were the descriptions accurate? What would the actual biological reports show?

The footage, genetic results, and biological assessments have not been made publicly available for independent examination.

Grusch has also discussed secondhand accounts involving other types of beings, including reports of reptilian-looking entities and different varieties of so-called grays. These reports should not be merged into one category. A pale, human-looking figure in a video is not automatically the same kind of being as a reptilian entity described by another witness.

There is also a question about Grusch's earlier congressional testimony. In 2023, when asked whether he had personally seen bodies, he responded that this was not something he had witnessed himself. His later account of watching footage may be consistent with a distinction between seeing a recording and physically seeing a body, but the precise circumstances deserve clarification.

The larger lesson is that even a person with access to sensitive information may not know the complete story. Grusch himself has acknowledged limits to what he knows.

That is worth remembering when other people claim to know exactly what these beings are, where they come from, and what they want.

Tom DeLonge and the possibility of a much stranger phenomenon

Tom DeLonge's UFO discussions have often gone well beyond the conventional extraterrestrial hypothesis.

His account involves alleged meetings with people connected to the defense and intelligence communities, a long-running effort to communicate information through entertainment, and the possibility that humanity is dealing with multiple nonhuman groups.

These are DeLonge's claims and interpretations. His involvement with former government and defense personnel through To The Stars Academy does not independently verify every part of his narrative.

But the ideas themselves are worth examining.

DeLonge has discussed the possibility that some beings are biological robots or engineered bodies rather than independent biological civilizations in the ordinary sense. He has suggested that certain gray beings might function as biological intermediaries, with other intelligences operating through them.

He has also connected ancient religious descriptions of angels and demons with possible encounters involving nonhuman entities. In this interpretation, beings that ancient people understood through religious language might be described today using technological or extraterrestrial terminology.

That is one possible way to interpret historical accounts, but it is not proof that angels, demons, and UFO occupants are identical.

DeLonge has also explored the possibility that UFOs are not simply spacecraft traveling between distant planets. They might involve time, dimensions, or forms of reality that humans do not yet understand.

His ideas about nonlinear time, consciousness, and different realities are speculative. They should not be confused with established physics. Nevertheless, they raise a useful question: Are we necessarily looking at visitors traveling through ordinary space in ordinary vehicles?

Joe Rogan's changing attitude toward DeLonge is interesting in this context. Rogan once described DeLonge as one of his least convincing UFO guests and criticized his willingness to accept questionable information. Years later, Rogan acknowledged that he had reconsidered DeLonge and thought he might be onto something.

That change in attitude doesn't establish that DeLonge is correct. It does show how opinions can change when a subject receives more attention and people reconsider information they previously dismissed.

Rogan also raised a possibility worth keeping in mind: people like DeLonge could potentially be used to distribute stories, confuse the subject, or prepare the public for certain narratives. That possibility should not be assumed either. Disinformation, sincere speculation, and genuine information can be difficult to separate.

The Sphere Alliance, Corey Goode, and the recurring appearance of spheres

Another interesting part of this conversation comes from Corey Goode's accounts of what he calls the Sphere Alliance.

Goode has described enormous spherical craft and advanced nonhuman groups within a larger narrative involving extraterrestrial civilizations and humanity's future.

I've explored this subject in my article Beyond Disclosure: The Corey Goode Files — Corey Goode: Breadcrumbs, Not Proof — What the Skeptics Get Right, What They May Be Missing, and Why I'm Still Not Ready to Dismiss Him.

That article takes a closer look at Goode's claims, the criticisms directed at him, and the reasons I believe his material deserves examination without automatically accepting everything he says.

His accounts are controversial and have not been independently verified. They should be understood as his testimony and personal narrative, not established evidence of a Sphere Alliance.

There is an important distinction between accepting a witness's entire story and considering whether some of the information they provide might be worth investigating. Skeptics can raise legitimate questions about inconsistencies, corroboration, documentation, and credibility. At the same time, dismissing every possible lead simply because a witness is controversial can be counterproductive.

The question is not whether Goode has proven the existence of a Sphere Alliance. He hasn't. The question is whether particular claims, observations, or recurring details can be independently investigated.

Still, the imagery is interesting when considered alongside other reports.

Spheres appear in many UFO and paranormal discussions. There are reports of luminous orbs, metallic spheres, unusual objects moving through the sky, and spherical craft associated with alleged nonhuman occupants.

These categories should not automatically be treated as identical. A glowing orb reported in a haunted house, a metal sphere found on the ground, and a large spherical craft described by an alleged contactee are very different kinds of reports.

But the recurring spherical form raises questions.

Could a sphere be a type of craft? Could it be a physical manifestation of something that does not ordinarily occupy our familiar physical environment? Could different intelligences use similar technology? Or are people describing unrelated phenomena using the same basic shape?

The Betz Sphere, luminous orbs, and accounts of large spherical craft are not interchangeable evidence. They are separate threads that might eventually help us understand why this particular form appears so often.

Corey Goode's Sphere Alliance narrative is one thread worth documenting, but it should be compared with other reports rather than treated as confirmation of them.

Michael P. Masters: What if the visitors are our descendants?

One of the more intriguing alternatives to the conventional extraterrestrial hypothesis comes from Dr. Michael P. Masters, a professor of biological anthropology at Montana Technological University.

Masters has an academic background in human evolutionary anatomy, anthropology, and related research. His book Identified Flying Objects: A Multidisciplinary Scientific Approach examines the possibility that some beings described as extraterrestrials might actually be our distant human descendants, traveling backward through time to study their own evolutionary past.

His later work explores this possibility alongside other explanations for reported encounters.

The basic idea is fascinating.

If humanity survives long enough, continues evolving, and eventually develops the technology to travel through time, our descendants might one day return to earlier periods of human history.

They would be alien to us in the sense that they came from a radically different era. Their appearance, technology, biology, and behavior might be unfamiliar. Yet they would still be part of our own evolutionary lineage.

Masters considers reported anatomical characteristics, such as large brains, reduced facial projection, and other features, in the context of long-term human evolutionary trends.

This does not prove that UFO occupants are future humans. Masters' work offers a framework for considering the hypothesis, not a final answer.

His interview with the American Philosophical Association provides a useful introduction to the central premise.

But it creates an interesting bridge between several other theories.

What if some beings described as grays are future humans? What if some are genetically engineered descendants? What if some are biological bodies designed to operate in environments that their creators cannot comfortably occupy?

And what if the distinction between extraterrestrial and future human becomes less meaningful when humanity eventually spreads beyond Earth?

A civilization that leaves Earth, evolves independently, and develops radically different technology might eventually become unrecognizable to its ancestors.

From the perspective of someone living thousands or millions of years earlier, those descendants could appear to be aliens.

Humanity, artificial intelligence, and the question of identity

This is where the future-human hypothesis gets especially interesting.

Consider the direction of human technology. Artificial intelligence, biotechnology, genetic engineering, prosthetics, brain-computer interfaces, and increasingly sophisticated synthetic systems are all developing in our own era.

We don't know what these technologies will become over centuries or millennia.

Imagine a future civilization in which humans increasingly integrate with artificial intelligence. Some might use advanced biological modifications. Others might inhabit engineered bodies, or use artificial systems to extend their senses, memory, communication, and physical capabilities.

Eventually, the question might not simply be what technology humans use. It might be what humanity has become.

At what point would a human descendant who has extensively merged with artificial intelligence still be considered human?

Would an individual with a largely synthetic body but human ancestry remain human? What about a being whose consciousness operates through an engineered biological vessel? What about a future intelligence that has retained human memories and ancestry but no longer resembles a present-day human psychologically or physically?

There is also a philosophical and spiritual question.

If a future human becomes so integrated with artificial intelligence that much of their identity is technologically mediated, would that change their relationship to consciousness, individuality, or what some people call the soul?

We cannot answer that by assuming that artificial intelligence automatically destroys spiritual identity. Nor can we assume that technological advancement leaves everything meaningful about humanity untouched.

The question deserves serious philosophical consideration.

A future civilization might become extraordinarily advanced while retaining compassion, individuality, creativity, and a sense of spiritual identity. Or it might develop in a direction that raises troubling questions about autonomy, control, and what it means to be a person.

The future-human hypothesis gives us an unusual way to explore those possibilities.

Perhaps some beings described as alien are not simply visitors from another world. Perhaps they represent possible destinations along the evolutionary road humanity itself is traveling.

Ultraterrestrials: What if some of the visitors are already here?

The future-human possibility still leaves another major question unanswered.

What if some nonhuman intelligences aren't visitors from another planet or another time? What if they are indigenous to Earth, or to an environment that exists alongside the one we normally experience?

This is the general territory of the ultraterrestrial or cryptoterrestrial hypothesis.

The terminology varies, but the basic possibility is that some anomalous intelligences could be native to Earth, hidden within its environments, or operating in ways that make them difficult to recognize.

There are several versions of this idea.

Some propose that an advanced civilization could exist underground, underwater, or in remote environments. Others speculate about intelligences that might occupy a different physical or perceptual niche, making them difficult for humans to detect.

A 2024 paper coauthored by Masters, Taylor Lomas, and Brendan Case, titled The Cryptoterrestrial Hypothesis: A Case for Scientific Openness to a Concealed Earthly Explanation for Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena, argues for scientific openness to an earthly explanation for at least some UAP reports.

The paper does not establish that a hidden civilization exists. Its importance is that it treats the possibility as a hypothesis worth discussing rather than automatically excluding.

This is particularly interesting when considering reports of mantis-like beings.

Could some entities described as mantis beings be extraterrestrial? Could they be future descendants? Could they be indigenous ultraterrestrials? Could some of the reports involve entirely different kinds of beings that happen to share a similar appearance?

There is no established answer.

But consider a hypothetical scenario: future humans develop advanced technology, travel through time, and encounter an indigenous nonhuman intelligence on Earth. They establish contact or cooperation. Over time, different groups interact, exchange technology, or form alliances.

From the perspective of a present-day witness, the resulting encounters might involve several kinds of beings, some humanlike and others completely unfamiliar.

That is an imaginative possibility, not evidence that such an alliance exists. But it illustrates why the categories of extraterrestrial, future human, and ultraterrestrial do not necessarily have to be mutually exclusive.

Biological vessels, artificial bodies, and nonphysical intelligence

Another idea that connects several of these theories is the possibility that an intelligence might not always appear in its original or natural form.

Whitley Strieber has entertained the possibility that some apparently physical beings might function as biological suits or intermediaries for something that is normally nonphysical.

This is speculation, but it raises an interesting distinction between an intelligence and the body through which it interacts with the world.

Consider the possibilities:

  • A biological organism operating independently.
  • An engineered biological body controlled by another intelligence.
  • An artificial or robotic body.
  • A future human using a technologically advanced biological vessel.
  • An intelligence that can interact with physical reality without being permanently confined to a conventional body.

These are different hypotheses. None should be treated as proven merely because they resemble one another.

But if an intelligence could operate through different forms, it might explain why some reports describe beings with very different appearances or physical characteristics.

It could also help explain why some accounts seem to describe apparently physical encounters while others involve telepathy, altered states, missing time, or experiences that witnesses struggle to describe as ordinary physical events.

There is an important distinction here: an unusual experience is not automatically evidence of a nonphysical intelligence. Psychological, neurological, environmental, and cultural explanations still deserve consideration.

But neither should we assume that everything unusual must fit the physical categories we currently understand.

Angels, demons, gods, and the problem of judging intentions

There is another dimension to this subject that should not be ignored: morality.

Some UFO and abduction accounts describe beings who allegedly take people against their will, conduct procedures, cause distress, or interfere with human autonomy.

If those accounts are accurate, it is reasonable to question the behavior. Human beings have moral standards for consent, coercion, and bodily autonomy. We don't have to abandon those standards simply because the alleged actors might be nonhuman.

David Jacobs has interpreted many abduction accounts as evidence of a disturbing agenda. Other researchers and commentators have proposed that some beings might be concerned about humanity's future, nuclear weapons, environmental destruction, or the survival of the planet.

DeLonge has explored religious interpretations involving angels and demons, while some commentators interpret the entire phenomenon through a demonic framework.

These are different interpretations, not established conclusions.

Not every encounter is described as hostile. Not every being is reported to behave in the same way. Some accounts involve fear and coercion; others describe communication, warnings, curiosity, or apparently benevolent intentions.

It is possible that different intelligences have different agendas. It is also possible that witnesses interpret unfamiliar behavior through their own cultural, religious, or psychological frameworks.

Perhaps some beings are concerned about humanity's survival. Perhaps others have interests that do not align with human welfare. Perhaps some accounts are misunderstood or misrepresented altogether.

The important principle is this: We can judge reported actions without pretending to know the ultimate intentions of the intelligence behind them.

Calling everything demonic is no more justified than declaring everything benevolent.

We should be willing to ask difficult moral questions while remaining honest about what we do and do not know.

There is more than testimony: The physical evidence deserves serious investigation

This is where I want to emphasize something that often gets lost in discussions of UFOs and alleged nonhuman intelligence.

The subject is not made up exclusively of stories.

There are witness accounts, certainly. But there are also reports involving radar, photographs, military sensor recordings, landing impressions, soil and vegetation changes, unusual material samples, alleged implants, medical examinations, and other physical traces.

These categories have different evidentiary strengths, and not every case holds up equally well. But the existence of disputed or inconclusive cases does not mean there is nothing to investigate.

In fact, some of the most interesting questions concern evidence that can be examined independently of the witness's interpretation.

Derrel Sims and the investigation of alleged implants

My 2016 Debunking UFO Debunkers archive specifically highlighted the work of Derrel Sims, who describes himself as an alien-abduction investigator and has focused on alleged physical evidence associated with contact experiences.

Sims has discussed objects reportedly removed from people's bodies, medical examinations, unusual marks, and fluorescent traces that he believes may be associated with alleged encounters.

He has also described working with medical professionals and researchers to examine objects he considers possible implants.

In interviews and material published through his own organization, Sims has discussed a study involving objects examined with the involvement of Los Alamos and New Mexico Tech. He has described the objects as having unusual material characteristics, including claims about meteoritic material and their biological surroundings.

These are significant claims, but they need to be described accurately. The fact that an object was surgically removed, examined, or sent to a laboratory does not by itself establish that it was implanted by a nonhuman intelligence. Nor does an unusual material composition establish extraterrestrial origin.

The important point is that these claims are testable.

An object can be examined for its elemental composition, isotopic ratios, manufacturing characteristics, biological coatings, tissue response, and possible medical explanations. Its chain of custody can be documented. Independent laboratories can repeat the analysis.

If an object is ordinary, that should become clear. If it has unusual properties, those findings deserve further examination. If it demonstrates characteristics that cannot be explained by known terrestrial materials or processes, that would be an important development.

Sims has also discussed ultraviolet and infrared examinations of alleged contact-related marks and fluorescent traces. Those claims likewise deserve controlled testing, including comparison with ordinary skin conditions, environmental substances, medical treatments, and other possible sources.

This is much more productive than simply declaring the subject impossible or accepting every interpretation at face value.

The question is not whether we should automatically believe Sims. The question is whether the evidence he and other investigators describe can be made available for independent scientific evaluation.

Physical trace cases and landing evidence

UFO researchers have also investigated cases involving alleged landing marks, circular impressions, changes in vegetation, soil abnormalities, radiation readings, and unusual residues.

One example is the 1971 Delphos, Kansas, case. Following a reported UFO encounter, an unusual ring-shaped impression was found on the ground. Soil samples were subjected to various analyses, and the results were collected in a research note published in the Journal of UFO Studies.

The existence of laboratory analyses does not settle the origin of the impression. It does, however, give investigators something more substantial to discuss than a witness's recollection alone.

Another important reference is Jacques Vallée's 1998 paper, Physical Analyses in Ten Cases of Unexplained Aerial Objects with Material Samples, published in the Journal of Scientific Exploration.

Vallée examined cases involving physical material reportedly associated with unexplained aerial events. He emphasized the importance of documenting how a sample was recovered, whether its connection to the reported event could be established, and whether a competent laboratory had examined it.

He also stressed that without reliable chain of custody and professional field investigation, a material sample cannot automatically be connected to an unusual aerial observation.

That is exactly the kind of methodological distinction we need.

A strange piece of metal found somewhere is not automatically UFO debris. But a material sample recovered under documented circumstances, connected to a well-observed event, and independently analyzed is a legitimate subject for scientific study.

Radar, military footage, and multiple sensors

Then there are radar and recorded observations.

Some UFO cases involve more than a person looking into the sky. They involve military radar, infrared systems, optical instruments, cockpit recordings, and multiple observers.

The Navy encounters involving the Gimbal, GoFast, and FLIR videos brought this kind of evidence into mainstream discussion. The videos alone do not establish extraterrestrial origin, and interpretations of their apparent motion and characteristics have been debated. But they demonstrate why access to original sensor data matters.

A short video clip is not the same thing as the complete record. Investigators need the original files, sensor specifications, calibration information, range and altitude data, aircraft movement, environmental conditions, and other relevant telemetry.

NASA has made a similar point in its UAP Frequently Asked Questions and independent-study resources: observations often contain too little information to support reliable conclusions. Better standardized data collection is essential.

The All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office also publishes official UAP imagery and case assessments. Some cases remain unresolved, while others have been identified as balloons, birds, or other ordinary objects after more detailed analysis.

That is not a failure of investigation. It is what investigation should do: distinguish cases that have ordinary explanations from those that remain unresolved.

And an unresolved case is not automatically an extraterrestrial case. It is an invitation to obtain better evidence.

Physical evidence deserves more than a quick dismissal

There is also a history of scientists examining physical UFO evidence.

In 1997, Stanford physicist Peter Sturrock organized a workshop bringing scientists together to examine physical evidence associated with UFO reports. The subjects included photographs, radar data, electromagnetic effects, vehicle and vegetation effects, and other reported physical changes.

The resulting Sturrock Panel Report: Physical Evidence Related to UFO Reports is worth examining because it demonstrates that the subject can be approached through specific evidence categories rather than arguments over whether UFOs are inherently believable or ridiculous.

More recently, Vallée and colleagues published a 2025 paper in Progress in Aerospace Sciences examining an unusual 1966 Louisiana case. The researchers revisited the site, collected bark samples, and analyzed them in laboratories associated with the French Atomic Energy Commission. The paper presented new physical data concerning reported tree damage and radiative energy estimates.

The findings do not establish that the event involved extraterrestrial technology. But they demonstrate that old cases can sometimes be revisited with new measurements and modern analytical methods.

The paper is Estimates of Radiative Energy Values in Ground-Level Observations of an Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon: New Physical Data.

That is an important point: the historical record is not necessarily exhausted. Existing cases can be reexamined, samples can be retested, and new techniques can be applied to evidence collected decades ago.

The next step is not simply more stories

There is already a substantial archive of cases to work with.

The next step should include:

  • Locating and preserving original physical samples, with documented chain of custody.
  • Making medical records and alleged implant specimens available for independent review, with appropriate patient consent and privacy protections.
  • Repeating material analyses at independent laboratories.
  • Comparing alleged biological traces with ordinary medical, environmental, and forensic explanations.
  • Preserving original radar, infrared, optical, and cockpit recordings rather than relying on edited clips.
  • Reconstructing historical landing sites and examining soil, vegetation, and other physical traces using modern techniques.
  • Comparing cases across countries and decades to identify recurring physical characteristics.
  • Separating what a witness observed from what an investigator believes the observation means.

We should also distinguish between evidence that establishes an unusual event and evidence that establishes the identity or origin of whatever caused it.

A radar return might establish that something was detected. A landing impression might establish that the ground was physically disturbed. An unusual material sample might establish that a substance has an unusual composition. A medical specimen might establish that an object was present in tissue.

Those findings do not automatically tell us who or what was responsible.

But they can narrow the possibilities, eliminate explanations, and provide a foundation for further research.

This is how we move beyond arguments about belief.

One intelligence, many masks—or many intelligences sharing one mystery?

At this point, several possibilities emerge.

Perhaps some UFO occupants are extraterrestrials from other worlds. Perhaps some are future humans. Perhaps some are engineered biological entities or artificial intermediaries. Perhaps some are indigenous ultraterrestrials. Perhaps some encounters involve intelligences that are not normally physical in the way we understand physical life.

And perhaps some reports have nothing to do with any of these explanations.

It is also possible that the phenomenon is not a single intelligence at all. There may be multiple unrelated groups, different technologies, separate forms of consciousness, or ordinary events that have been mistakenly grouped together.

This is where the earlier question of cultural adaptation becomes relevant.

The appearance of ghosts has changed throughout history. Some historical accounts describe apparently solid human figures rather than the misty, translucent ghosts familiar from modern entertainment.

The popular flying-saucer image became widely associated with UFOs after the 1947 Kenneth Arnold sighting, although Arnold's description of objects moving like saucers skipping across water was not quite the same as the familiar image of a flying saucer. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum's account of the 1947 sighting provides useful historical context.

Descriptions can be influenced by the culture in which witnesses live. That does not mean all witnesses are imagining things. It means we should consider the relationship between an experience and the language or imagery available to describe it.

Could an intelligence present itself in ways that are recognizable to the people encountering it? Could it use different appearances, forms, or symbols in different circumstances?

Jacques Vallée's work on the historical relationship between UFO accounts and fairy folklore raises a related question. Are we looking at completely separate traditions, or are some of these stories describing recurring encounters with something that has never fit comfortably into our categories?

The possibility of one intelligence wearing many masks remains intriguing. So does the possibility of multiple intelligences participating in a larger phenomenon.

We should not force every mystery into one explanation just because a unified theory would be satisfying.

Conclusion: Perhaps humanity is only one part of a much larger story

The more I examine these subjects, the less comfortable I am with the assumption that every mystery must belong to one familiar category.

The word extraterrestrial may describe some possibilities, but it might not describe all of them. Some alleged visitors could be from other planets. Some might be from our own future. Some could be indigenous to Earth. Others might involve forms of intelligence that we have not yet learned how to recognize.

And if future humans eventually become radically different from us through evolution, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and exploration beyond Earth, they might one day look back at us in much the same way we look at ancient ancestors.

Could they return? Could they interact with earlier humanity? Could they encounter other intelligences along the way?

Could some of the beings described in UFO accounts be connected to those possibilities?

We don't know.

But we have more to work with than speculation alone. There are decades of reported radar encounters, photographs, videos, physical trace cases, material samples, medical investigations, and witness testimony. Some evidence has been analyzed; some remains controversial; some needs to be made available for independent examination.

We shouldn't overstate what those investigations prove. But we shouldn't pretend they don't exist, either.

The next stage of research should be about making the evidence accessible, testing it rigorously, and allowing independent investigators to reach conclusions—even when those conclusions challenge popular assumptions.

And none of this requires abandoning the possibility of spirits, intelligent hauntings, or life after death. Those mysteries remain open as well. A larger understanding of consciousness and intelligence might eventually help us investigate them, but we should not assume that every unexplained experience has the same source.

Perhaps the phenomenon is a collection of separate mysteries. Perhaps some of the mysteries overlap. Perhaps the same intelligence can appear in different forms, or perhaps multiple intelligences share an environment and a history that we barely understand.

The challenge is to investigate without letting either belief or skepticism decide the answer in advance.

Maybe the visitors aren't all from somewhere else. Maybe some are from somewhere else in time. Maybe some have been here all along. And perhaps the evidence to help us understand them has been sitting in archives, laboratories, medical files, and case reports for decades.


Sources and Further Reading

Michael P. Masters and the future-human hypothesis

Cryptoterrestrials and ultraterrestrials

Corey Goode and the Sphere Alliance

Physical evidence, implants, and trace cases

Radar, video, and official UAP research

David Grusch and Tom DeLonge

Historical research and earlier articles

  • The Four Main Theories of Gray Aliens: A Synthesis of Possibilities — October 2024
  • Debunking Joe Rogan on Alien Abduction — July 2015
  • Debunking UFO Debunkers — March 2016
  • Jacques Vallée — Bibliography and Publications
  • Interview with George Knapp
  • George Knapp and Brandon Fugal — Skinwalker Ranch Interview
  • History of Skinwalker Ranch — History.com